Let's Learn Italian Lesson 6!

:Cominciamo (let's begin)

: Preposizioni Semplici (Simple Prepositions)

- a (at/to/in[a city] )

- da (from)

- di ( of/by)

- per (for)

- senza (without)

-su (on/over)

-in (in/to/into)

-con (with)


: Espressioni (expression)

-c' `e...c' `e...? (there is...is there?)

- ci sono...ci sono..? (there are..are there?)


-ecco (here (it) is, here (they) are, there (it) is, there (they) are)

- dov' `e...? (where is..?)


: Indicazioni (directions)

- a sinistra ( to the left/on the left)

- a destra ( to the right, on the right )

- lontano ( far, distant )

- qui/qua ( here)

- dritto ( straight)

- sempre dritto (straight ahead)

- vicino ( near)

- qui vicino ( nearby ) 


- li`/ la` ( there)




: i nomi ( nouns)

: Notes: Many of Italian nouns end in a vowel. The nouns that end in a consonant are considered foreign. Every noun in Italian has a gender which is either masculine or feminine.

: Rules :

1. Nouns ending in o are masculine, & nouns that end in a are generally feminine.
2. Nouns that end in e could be either feminine or masculine.
3. Nouns that end in zione are feminine.
4. Nouns that end with a consonant are most of the time masculine.
5. Nouns that are abbreviated have the same gender of the words in which they come from.

Italian nouns have there endings changed from plural to singular or vice versa.


                                Singolare (singular)  Plurale (plural)
Maschile (masculine)        o                          i
Femminile (feminine)        a                          e
Maschile e femminile        e                          i
( masculine and feminine)


: Notes: Nouns that end in ca or ga & many nouns that end in go keep the hard sound of the c or g when they are in their plural form. This is shown by adding an h.

Nouns that end with a vowel or consonant that has an accent do not change in their plural form neither do their abbreviated words.

Words that end with io keep the i in their plural form if the i is stressed. If the i is not stressed, then the i is dropped.


: Articolo indeterminative (indefinite article)

The Italian indefinite article is similar to the English a/an & it is used with nouns that are singular.  It is also similar to the number 1. To determine the form of the article really depends on the word that follows it.

- Un is used with mostly masculine nouns, but uno is paired with masculine nouns that begin with s or z + a consonant.

- Una is used with nouns that are feminine nouns that begin with any kind of consonant, & un' is used before feminine nouns that start with a vowel.

- The same rules apply for the adjective Buono(good). It also has four different ways to say it. (buon, buono, buon', buona).



: un verbo irregolare ( irregular verb)

Avere is an irregular verb , it does not follow a pattern of conjugation. The present tense (il presente) is show below:





 Singolare (singular)     Plurale (plural)
 (io) ho I have              (noi) abbiamo  we have
(tu) hai  you have         (voi)  avete  you have(informal)
(informal)                    (Loro) hanno  you have (formal)
(Lei) ha  you have        (loro)} hanno they have
(formal)
(lui) }ha  he has

(lei) }ha  she has

:Notes: These rules below are applicable to avere & to all Italian verbs.

:Rules:

1. If you want to make a verb negative, put the word don't right before it.

2. If you want to make a verb interrogative, just put a question mark.

3. In an interrogative sentence, the subject, noun and/or pronoun can be at the beginning of it or before the verb, or at the end of a sentence.


The i pronomi soggetto (subject pronouns) are shown below.

Singolare (singular)     Plurale (plural)
 io I                                noi we
tu you (informal)             voi you (informal)
Lei you (formal)             Loro you (formal)
lui  he                             loro they (masculine or feminine)
lei  she

:Notes: In the Italian language the verb itself names the subject, & this reason being is why subject pronouns are generally not expressed.

Subject pronouns do have their place, they are used to stress the subject or to differ one subject from another.

Io is only capitalized when it is at the start of a sentence.


:Rules:

1. There are four ways to say you in Italian. (tu, voi, Lei, Loro. Tu (only one person) & voi (more than two/or just two) are the forms that are informal. These are used with children, family members, or close friends.

2. Lei ( third person singular verb form , male or female /one person) &  (third person plural form/) are used in situations that are formal & used with acquaintances, strangers, older people, & authority figures. They are usually capitalized.

3. Loro is considered extremely formal , so voi is often in it's place as a more basic form.

:Notes: There are hardly corresponding forms that are used for it and they when referring to animals or things, the form of the verb is often used alone.

For some reason it's saying Monday when it's published on Tuesday. Why is this happening, does anybody know?